Canada's First Nations are a distinct, lively, and thriving culture - and this is especially true of the groups located near British Columbia's coast. Looking beyond the whole, each group has their own unique traditions and way of life. Many boast of living on the same land their ancestors have occupied for thousands of years.



The Aboriginal Peoples of coastal British Columbia settled in the region approximately 14,000 years ago and lived on the land prior to European contact in the 18th century. Traditional culture was similar within the groups in regards to how labour was divided, social life, religious and spiritual life and their culture and art. Fishing and hunting was their primary mode of survival, and this was typically conducted by men. Labour was dived accordingly based on ones gender. As hunter-gatherer societies the men would take on the role of hunting and going out to sea or local streams in search for fish, while the women would take on the task of gathering plants and beach foods. Labour was often divided in a complimentary and co-operative manner where both men and women aided in the production and preservation of food during times when food quantities were greater than immediate need and vise versa.



Coastal groups formed social ties through kin memberships. Membership in the kin group were passed down through women, and such groups would live together under one roof with the guidance and presence of capable leaders who “acted as managers of formal property, including non-material possessions such as names, ritual performances, special songs or secret knowledge." Obtaining property and maintaining ones capital equipment was the basis and determined the Coastal system of ranking and class. One’s ability to achieve high productivity, skillfully manage family labour, and accumulate individual property often resulted in wealth gain. The tradition of gift giving and exchange were also highly important social rituals that validated lineage rights and maintained class positions.

European contact in the 18th century has resulted in the decline of coastal Aboriginal practices and Westernization of Aboriginal life. Enforced Westernization has resulted in devastating effects, where many cultures have lost their sense of Aborigine and are thus trying to reclaim it. Artwork and traditional rituals and celebrations are an important part of the drive towards cultural revival. Coastal Aboriginal groups have remained steadfast in their journey to reclaim their rights and continue to fight for recognition and acceptance in their country.



Explore the different Aboriginal groups of Coastal British Columbia and learn their culture and traditions. Discover their art, dance, and traditional territories through the interactive map, pictures, and videos.



Source: www.the canadianencyclopedia.com